Izici zesitashi sikakolweni, izindlela zokukhiqiza kanye nokusetshenziswa komkhiqizo

Ukolweni ungenye yezitshalo zokudla ezibaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni. Ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yabantu bomhlaba ithembele kukolo njengokudla kwabo okuyisisekelo. Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kukakolweni ukwenza ukudla nokucubungula isitashi. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ezolimo zezwe lami zithuthuke ngokushesha, kodwa imali engenayo yabalimi ikhule kancane, futhi ukuqoqwa kokusanhlamvu kwabalimi kwehlile. Ngakho-ke, ukufuna indlela yokuphuma ukolweni wezwe lami, ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kukakolweni, kanye nokwenyusa amanani kakolweni sekuyindaba enkulu ekulungiseni amasu ezwe lami ekwakhiweni kwezolimo futhi kuthinte ngisho nentuthuko ezinzile nehlelekile yomnotho wezwe.
Ingxenye eyinhloko kakolweni isitashi, esibalelwa ku-75% wesisindo sezinhlamvu zikakolweni futhi iyisici esiyinhloko se-endosperm yokusanhlamvu kakolweni. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinto zokusetshenziswa, isitashi sikakolweni sinezinto eziningi eziphakeme, njenge-viscosity ephansi yokushisa kanye nezinga lokushisa eliphansi le-gelatinization. Inqubo yokukhiqiza, izakhiwo ezingokwenyama namakhemikhali, ukusetshenziswa komkhiqizo wesitashi sikakolweni, kanye nobudlelwano phakathi kwesitashi sikakolo nekhwalithi kakolweni kuye kwafundwa kabanzi ekhaya naphesheya. Lesi sihloko sifingqa kafushane izici zesitashi sikakolweni, ukuhlukaniswa nobuchwepheshe bokukhipha, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwesitashi ne-gluten.

1. Izici zesitashi sikakolweni
Okuqukethwe isitashi esakhiweni sokusanhlamvu kukakolweni kubala u-58% kuya ku-76%, ikakhulukazi ngesimo se-starch granules emangqamuzaneni e-endosperm kakolweni, futhi okuqukethwe isitashi kufulawa kakolweni kufinyelela cishe ku-70%. Iningi lama-granules esitashi ayindilinga futhi amise okweqanda, kanti inombolo encane ayifani ngendlela. Ngokusho kobukhulu be-starch granules, isitashi sikakolweni singahlukaniswa sibe isitashi esikhulu-granule kanye nesitashi esincane-granule. Ama-granules amakhulu anobubanzi obungu-25 kuya ku-35 μm abizwa ngokuthi i-A isitashi, ebala cishe u-93.12% wesisindo esomile sesitashi sikakolweni; ama-granules amancane anobubanzi obuyi-2 kuya ku-8 μm kuphela abizwa ngokuthi isitashi esingu-B, esibalelwa ku-6.8% wesisindo esomile sesitashi sikakolweni. Abanye abantu baphinde bahlukanise ama-granules esitashi sikakolweni abe amamodeli amathathu ezakhiwo ngokuya ngobukhulu bawo: uhlobo A (10 kuya ku-40 μm), uhlobo B (1 kuya ku-10 μm) nohlobo C (<1 μm), kodwa uhlobo C luvame ukuhlukaniswa ngokuthi uhlobo B. Ngokuphathelene nokubunjwa kwamangqamuzana, isitashi sikakolweni sakhiwe i-amylose ne-amylopectin. I-Amylopectin itholakala ikakhulukazi ngaphandle kwama-granules esitashi sikakolweni, kuyilapho i-amylose itholakala ikakhulukazi ngaphakathi kwezinhlayiya zesitashi sikakolweni. I-Amylose ihlanganisa u-22% kuya ku-26% wesamba sengqikithi yesitashi, futhi i-amylopectin yenza u-74% kuya ku-78% wesamba sengqikithi yesitashi. I-wheat starch paste inezici ze-viscosity ephansi kanye nokushisa okuphansi kwe-gelatinization. Ukuzinza okushisayo kwe-viscosity ngemuva kwe-gelatinization kuhle. I-viscosity iyancipha kancane ngemva kokufudumeza isikhathi eside nokunyakaza. Amandla ejeli ngemva kokupholisa aphakeme.

2. Indlela yokukhiqiza isitashi sikakolweni

Njengamanje, izimboni eziningi zesitashi sikakolweni ezweni lami zisebenzisa inqubo yokukhiqiza indlela kaMartin, futhi imishini yayo eyinhloko umshini we-gluten, isikrini se-gluten, imishini yokomisa i-gluten, njll.

I-Gluten dryer airflow collision vortex flash dryer iyimishini yokonga eyonga amandla. Isebenzisa amalahle njengophethiloli, futhi umoya obandayo udlula kubhayela bese uba umoya owomile oshisayo. Ixubene nezinto ezihlakazekile kumishini esimweni esimisiwe, ukuze igesi nezigaba eziqinile zigeleze ziye phambili ngesivinini esilinganiselwe, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo zihwamulise amanzi ukuze kufezwe injongo yokomisa impahla.

3. Ukusetshenziswa kwesitashi sikakolweni

Isitashi sikakolweni sikhiqizwa ngofulawa kakolweni. Njengoba sazi sonke, izwe lami linothe ngokolweni, nezinto zalo ezingavuthiwe zanele, futhi zingakhiqizwa unyaka wonke.

Isitashi sikakolweni sinezinhlobonhlobo zokusetshenziswa. Ingasetshenziselwa ukwenza i-vermicelli ne-rice wrappers ye-noodle, futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi emkhakheni wezokwelapha, imboni yamakhemikhali, ukwenza amaphepha, njll. Isetshenziswa ngobuningi ezimbonini zama-noodle nezimonyo ezisheshayo. Isitashi sikakolweni esisizayo - i-gluten, ingenziwa ibe yizinhlobonhlobo zezitsha, futhi ingabuye ikhiqizwe amasoseji emifino ethini ukuze athunyelwe ngaphandle. Uma yomiswe ibe yimpuphu ye-gluten esebenzayo, kulula ukuyigcina futhi iphinde ibe umkhiqizo wemboni yokudla neyokudla.